Comparison of pain with VAS between two groups and also within group comparison was done using the Friedman test. In the diclofenac patch group, the difference in VAS pain scale scores at different visit was found statistically significant with a P value of 0. The results of the present study showed that the transdermal diclofenac patch was efficient in controlling pain postoperative which is in consistent with the study done by Tejaswi et al.
They used VAS for pain assessment. Pain tolerance was higher with the transdermal diclofenac patch when compared to oral administration. In their study, a significant reduction in pain intensity was observed only in the transdermal diclofenac patch. A similar study was carried out by Bhaskar et al. They concluded that the transdermal patch provides as potent analgesia as the oral tablets with an added advantage of better patient compliance.
This finding is in agreement with the study done by Prithvi et al. They used VAS and VRS scales for the evaluation and concluded that transdermal diclofenac sodium can be used as an alternative form of pain control following the removal of impacted mandibular third molars.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Ann Maxillofac Surg v. Ann Maxillofac Surg. Published online Jun 8. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Address for correspondence: Dr. E-mail: moc. This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of transdermal diclofenac patch versus oral diclofenac tablet as analgesic following premolar extractions in orthodontic patients.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-three symmetrical pairs of indicated premolars either first or second were included for the present study.
Results: This study consisted of 33 patients with a mean age of Conclusion: Transdermal diclofenac patch showed potential analgesic modality for the management of mild-to-moderate intensity pain in premolar orthodontic extraction, with lower incidence of systemic adverse effects. Keywords: Dental extraction, diclofenac sodium oral tablet, transdermal diclofenac patch.
Extraction and postoperative medication The present study included 33 patients in which the extraction of bilateral premolars either first or second was indicated for the orthodontic purpose.
Statistical analysis and results This study consisted of 33 patients with a mean age of Table 1 Descriptive statistics of age of the study subjects. Open in a separate window.
Table 2 Comparison of pain VAS scale between the two groups and within the group. Graph 1. Graph 2. Table 3 Comparison of pain VRS scale between the two groups and within the group. C ONCLUSION Transdermal diclofenac patch showed potential analgesic modality for the management of mild-to-moderate intensity pain in premolar orthodontic extraction, with lower incidence of systemic adverse effects.
Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. A comparative study of diclofenac transdermal patch against oral diclofenac for pain control following removal of mandibular impacted third molars.
J Maxillofac Oral Surg. Postoperative analgesia with transdermal diclofenac versus intramuscular diclofenac — A comparative study. People who use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs other than aspirin such as transdermal diclofenac may have a higher risk of having a heart attack or a stroke than people who do not use these medications.
These events may happen without warning and may cause death. Do not use an NSAID such as transdermal diclofenac if you have recently had a heart attack, unless directed to do so by your doctor. Tell your doctor if you or anyone in your family has or has ever had heart disease, a heart attack, or a stroke; if you smoke; and if you have or have ever had high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Get emergency medical help right away if you experience any of the following symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness in one part or side of your body, or slurred speech.
If you will be undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft CABG; a type of heart surgery , you should not use transdermal diclofenac right before or right after the surgery. NSAIDs such as transdermal diclofenac may cause swelling, ulcers, bleeding, or holes in the stomach or intestines. These problems may develop at any time during treatment, may happen without warning symptoms, and may cause death.
The risk may be higher for people who use NSAIDs for a long time, are older in age, have poor health, smoke, or drink alcohol while using transdermal diclofenac.
Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors and if you have or have ever had ulcersor bleeding in your stomach or intestines, or other bleeding disorders.
Tell your doctor if you take any of the following medications: anticoagulants 'blood thinners' such as warfarin Coumadin, Jantoven ; aspirin; other NSAIDs such as ibuprofen Advil, Motrin or naproxen Aleve, Naprosyn ; oral steroids such as dexamethasone, methylprednisolone Medrol , and prednisone Rayos ; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs such as citalopram Celexa , fluoxetine Prozac, Sarafem, Selfemra, in Symbyax , fluvoxamine Luvox , paroxetine Brisdelle, Paxil, Pexeva , and sertraline Zoloft ; or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIs such as desvenlafaxine Khedezla, Pristiq , duloxetine Cymbalta , and venlafaxine Effexor XR.
If you experience any of the following symptoms, stop using transdermal diclofenac and call your doctor: stomach pain, heartburn, vomiting a substance that is bloody or looks like coffee grounds, blood in the stool, or black and tarry stools. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms carefully and will probably take your blood pressure and order certain tests to check your body's response to transdermal diclofenac.
Be sure to tell your doctor how you are feeling so that the doctor can prescribe the right amount of medication to treat your condition with the lowest risk of serious side effects. Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet Medication Guide when you begin treatment with transdermal diclofenac and each time you refill your prescription. Read the information carefully and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
Transdermal diclofenac is used to treat short-term pain due to minor strains, sprains, and bruises in adults and children 6 years of age and older. It works by stopping the body's production of a substance that causes pain. Transdermal diclofenac comes as a patch to apply to the skin.
Diclofenac patches are usually applied two times a day, once every 12 hours. Apply diclofenac patches at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Do not apply more or fewer patches or apply patches more often than prescribed by your doctor. Do not apply diclofenac patches to skin that is broken, damaged, cut, infected, or covered by a rash.
Do not let the patches come in contact with your eyes, nose, or mouth. If the patch does touch your eye, wash the eye out immediately with water or saline. Call a doctor if there is eye irritation that lasts for more than one hour. Do not wear a patch while bathing or showering. Plan to bathe or shower after you remove a patch and before you apply the next patch.
No drug is. With all NSAIDs there may be an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which can be fatal. But those warnings are primarily there in an abundance of legal and medical caution provoked by the problems with oral NSAIDs. For short-term, moderate topical use, I believe the benefits clearly outweigh the minor risks. This drug was basically invented as an arthritis treatment. Those patients may be interested in using topical diclofenac regularly and indefinitely.
Is that kind of long term usage safe? Is regular use of any medication a good idea? In principle, long-term use of any medication should be minimized as much as possible. Will it work? Low back pain and neck pain often involve a substantial amount of muscle pain, 29 and muscle pain is not particularly inflammatory by nature. That said, why not try it? Oh no! So there is a long, colourful history of pain-relief ointments, including literal snake oil:.
The grease of a snake mixed with verdegreece, healeth any part of the eye that is broken: but the slough or old skin which they cast off in the spring, doth clarifie the eie-sight, if the eies bee gently rubbed therewith. Arnica creams are widely available both in traditional herbal formulations and much sketchier homeopathic ones that contain only trace amounts. Standard homeopathy involves extreme dilution of ingredients, to the point of literally removing them.
They do not work, period — credible evidence of benefit is just as scarce as the arnica molecules. These products feel hot and cause superficial capillaries to open up wide. They contain a chemical irritant or rubefacient , which literally give you a mild chemical burn, because they are literally spicy: capsaicin is the active ingredient, and it comes from chilis.
And yet, surprisingly, capsaicin has actually gotten some high fives from science. Just keep your expectations low: these products may be mildly useful, but they are unlikely to compete with Voltaren for most people. The large chemical family of salicylates has several maybe-medicinal members. Aspirin acetylsalicylic acid is the star of the show, but minty methyl salicylate MeSa has been widely used in ointments for decades, as well as many other products mouthwashes, soaps of all kinds, bath salts, suntan lotions, and so on.
Certainly these are interesting chemicals. Plants use MeSa in complex ways for signalling and self-defense — it can attract the natural enemies of plant predators. Over-application of the topical preparation containing the drug, or its accidental ingestion, invariably results in salicylate poisoning and in severe cases can be fatal. The drug has been a regular feature of the US National Poison Database Survey over the past decade and continues to pose a risk to children and adults alike.
Ruh roh! Clearly ordinary, moderate usage is safe, and in broad strokes these concerns are right in line with other major pain-killers. Still, anyone with a persistent pain problem should probably test, in moderation, all of the above. Did you find this article useful? I am a science writer in Vancouver, Canada. Full bio. See you on Facebook or Twitter , or subscribe:.
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